READING THE WRITING ON THE WALL: DISCOVERING NEW DIMENSIONS TO THE ANTONINE WALL DISTANCE STONES

Authors

  • Louisa Campbell University of Glasgow

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v7i2.513

Keywords:

Roman Epigraphy, Antonine Wall, Northern Britain, Frontiers, Material Culture

Abstract

This paper explores new approaches to epigraphic evidence from the Antonine Wall that, in some respects, depart significantly from perceived wisdom. Addressing the inscriptions from alternative perspectives and incorporating attribute analysis, material mapping and a review of historical sources has revealed previously unexplored dimensions to a significant category of inscriptions here referred to as Distance Stones. The results cast new light onto these enigmatic ancient artefacts, exposing potential inconsistencies relating to units of measure and challenging hypotheses that have endured for more than two centuries. Critical review has uncovered patterns of difference and similarities that alter our perception of these unique frontier sculptures and lend credence to the proposal that they may have originally been placed, not along the Wall as has been traditionally accepted, but along the Military Way where passers-by could more meaningfully engage with them.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Louisa Campbell, University of Glasgow
    LKAS Fellow in Archaeology

References

ANDERSON 1771

Anderson, J., Of the Roman Wall between the Forth & Clyde; and of some Discoveries which have lately been made upon it. Glasgow: Andersonian Library, University of Strathclyde.

BAILEY/DEVEREUX 1987

Bailey, G. B./Devereux, D. F., The eastern terminus of the Antonine Wall: a review, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 117, 93-104.

BATES 1898

Bates, C., The Distance-Slabs of the Antonine Wall and the Roman names of its fortresses, Archaeologia Aeliana. 19, 105-14.

BISHOP 2019

Bishop, M.C., The secret history of the Roman Roads of Britain. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books

BREEZE 1990

Breeze, D. J., The flag of Legion II Augusta on the Bridgeness distance slab, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 119: 133-142.

BREEZE 2006

Breeze, D. J., The Antonine Wall. Edinburgh: Birlinn.

BREEZE/FERRIS 2016

Breeze, D. J./Ferris, I,. They think it’s all over: The face of victory on the British frontier, Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 1: 19-39.

BRUUN/EDMONDSON 2014

Bruun, C./Edmondson, J. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

BUCHANAN 1883

Buchanan, J., Recent discovery of a Roman inscription near Glasgow, Transactions of Glasgow Archaeological Society. 2, 11-28.

CADELL 1871

Cadell, H., Note of a sculptured Roman slab recently discovered on the estate of Grange, Linlithgowshire, and presented to the Museum, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 8, 109-114.

CAMDEN 1607

Camden, W., Britannia. London.

CAMDEN 1722

Camden, W., Britannia: or a chorographical description of Great Britain and Ireland, together with the adjacent Islands. Written in Latin by William Camden: and translated into English, with additions and improvements. Revised with large additions, by Edmund Gibson. London.

CAMPBELL in press

Campbell, L., Vibrant colours on the Antonine Wall Distance Stones: a new methodology for identifying pigments on Roman sculpture, Britannia.

CLOSE-BROOKS 1982

Close-Brooks, J., The Bridgeness distance slab, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 111, 519-521.

COLLINGWOOD/WRIGHT 1965

Collingwood R. G./Wright, R. P., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available online at https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/ (last viewed 20th February 2020).

DOORYH et alli 2005

Dooryh, E./Anne M./Bard, I./Hodeau J. L./Martinetto, P./Rondot, S./Salomon, J./Vaughan, G. B. M. and Walter, P., Non-destructive synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping of a Roman painting, Applied Physics A 81: 663-667

FERRIS 2000

Ferris, I. M., Enemies of Rome: barbarians through Roman eyes. Stroud: Sutton Publishing.

FORTUNATO/RITTER/FABIAN 2005

Fortunato, G./Ritter, A./Fabian, D., Old Masters' lead white pigments: investigations of paintings from the 16th to the 17th century using high precision lead isotope abundance ratios, Analyst 130: 898-906

GIBB 1902

Gibb, A., New Measurement of the Vallum of Antoninus Pius, Northern Notes and Queries 16 (Jan 1902), No. 63, 117-26.

GLASGOW ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1899

Glasgow Archaeological Society, The Antonine Wall report: being an account of excavations, etc., made under the direction of the Glasgow Archaeological Society during 1890-93. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons.

GORDON 1726

Gordon, A., Itinerarium Septentrionale. London.

GRAAFSTAL, forthcoming

Graafstal, E., Wing Walls and Waterworks. On the planning and purpose of the Antonine Wall.

GREWE 2013

Grewe, K., Streckenmessung im antiken Aquädukt- und Straßenbau, in T. Fischer and H.G. Horn (eds), Straßen von der Frühgeschichte bis in die Moderne. Verkehrswege – Kulturträger – Lebensraum. Akten des Interdisziplinären Kolloquiums Köln, Februar 2011, Wiesbaden: 1-23.

HAMILTON 1933

Hamilton, G., The House of Hamiltons. Edinburgh.

HANNON/ROHL/WILSON 2017

Hannon, N./Rohl, D. J./Wilson, L., The Antonine Wall’s Distance Slabs: LiDAR as metric survey, Journal of Roman Archaeology. 30 (1), 447-468.

HANSON/MAXWELL 1983

Hanson, W. S./Maxwell, G.S., Rome's north west frontier: The Antonine Wall. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

HASSALL 1977

Hassall, M. W. C., Wingless Victories in J. Munby and M. Henig (eds), Roman Life and Art in Britain. BAR British Series 41. Oxford.

HASSALL 1983

Hassall, M. W. C., The Building of the Antonine Wall, Britannia 14: 262-4.

HODGSON 1840

Hodgson, J., History of Northumberland, part ii, vol. 3. Newcastle.

HORSLEY 1732

Horsley, J., Britannia Romana or the Roman antiquities of Britain. London: John Osborn and Thomas Longman.

HÜBNER 1873

Hübner, E., CIL vii, Inscriptiones Britanniae Latinae

KEPPIE 1974

Keppie, L. J. F., The building of the Antonine Wall: archaeological and epigraphic evidence, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 105: 151-165.

KEPPIE 1976

Keppie, L. J. F., The distance slabs from the Antonine Wall: some problems, Scottish Archaeological Forum. 7: 57-66.

KEPPIE 1979

Keppie L. J. F., Roman Distance Slabs from the Antonine Wall: A brief guide. Glasgow: Hunterian Museum.

KEPPIE 1998

Keppie L. J. F., Roman inscribed and sculptured stones in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

KEPPIE 2012

Keppie L. J. F., The Antiquarian Rediscovery of the Antonine Wall, Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

KOLB 2014

Kolb, A., Communications and Mobility in the Roman Empire, in Bruun, C. and J. Edmondson (eds), Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 649-70.

KOLB 2019

Kolb A., Via ducta – Roman Road Building: An Introduction to Its Significance, the Sources and the State of Research in A. Kolb (ed.) Roman Roads: New Evidence – New Perspectives, Berlin: De Gruyter: 3-21.

MACDONALD 1911

Macdonald, G., The Roman Wall in Scotland. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons.

MACDONALD 1934

Macdonald, G., The Roman Wall in Scotland, Second Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

MACDONALD 1897

Macdonald, J., Tituli Hunteriani: An account of the Roman stones in the Hunterian Museum. Glasgow: Annan and Sons.

MACFARLANE 1908

Macfarlane, W., Geographical Collections, Vol 3 (Scottish Historical Society volume 53). Edinburgh

MACMULLEN 1982

Macmullen, R., The Epigraphic Habit in the Roman Empire, American Journal of Philology 103(3). 233-246.

MAITLAND 1757

Maitland, W., The history and antiquities of Scotland, from the earliest account of time to the death of James the First, anno 1437. London.

MAXWELL 1974

Maxwell, G., The building of the Antonine wall. In D. M. Pippidi (ed.) Actes du IXe Congress International d’Etudes sur les Frontieres Romaines. Bucuresti: Editura Academiei. 327-332.

MONUMENTA ROMANI IMPERII 1768

Monumenta Romani imperii, in Scotia, maxime vero inter vestigia valli, auspiciis Antonini Pii Imperatoris, a Fortha usque ad Glottam perducti, reperta, et in Academia Glasguensi adservata, iconibus expressa. Glasgow: University of Glasgow.

PHILLIPS 1972

Phillips E. P., The Roman distance slab from Bridgeness, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 105. 176-182.

POULTER 2018

Poulter, J., New Discoveries Relating to the Planning of the Antonine Wall in Scotland, Britannia. 49. 113-146.

RICHMOND/BIRLEY 1937

Richmond, I. A./Birley, E., Centurial stones from the vallum west of Denton Burn Archaeologia Aeliana 4(14): 227-242.

ROBERTSON 2015

Robertson, A. S., The Antonine Wall. A handbook to Scotland’s Roman frontier (6th edition revised and edited by L.J.F. Keppie). Glasgow: Glasgow Archaeological Society.

SAGAN 1997

Sagan, C., The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine.

SAUER 2014

Sauer, E. W. Milestones and Instability (Mid Third to Early Fourth Centuries AD), Ancient Society 44. 257-305.

SCALIGER 1606

Scaliger, J. J., Thesaurus Temporum Eusebii Pamphili. Leiden.

SIBBALD 1707

Sibbald, R., Historical Enquiries. Edinburgh.

STEER 1957

Steer, K. A., The Nature and Purpose of the Expansions of the Antonine Wall, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 90, 161-169.

STEER/CORMACK 1971

Steer K. A./Cormack, E. A., A new distance-slab from the Antonine Wall, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 101, 122-126.

STRANG 2007

Strang, A., The Distance Slabs of the Antonine Wall (and deduction of their most likely disposition). Nottingham: Alastair Strang

STUART 1852

Stuart, R., Caledonia Romana: A descriptive account of the Roman antiquities of Scotland. Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox.

STUKELEY 1720

Stukeley, W., An Account of a Roman Temple and other Antiquities near Graham’s Dyke in Scotland. London

WODROW 1843

Wodrow, R., Analecta, or Materials for a History of Remarkable Providence (Maitland Club no. 60), volume 4. Edinburgh.

WOOLF 1996

Woolf, G., Monumental Writing and the Expansion of Roman Society in the Early Empire. Journal of Roman Studies 86: 22-39.

Downloads

Published

2020-07-19

Issue

Section

Ancient History

How to Cite

READING THE WRITING ON THE WALL: DISCOVERING NEW DIMENSIONS TO THE ANTONINE WALL DISTANCE STONES. (2020). JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v7i2.513

Similar Articles

1-10 of 389

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.