CLASSICAL COLUMN CAPITALS IN TARTOUS MUSEUM

Authors

  • Ahmad DAWA Pázmány Péter Catholic University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v11i2.993

Keywords:

Corinthian, Ionic, Votive, two-part capital, local workshops

Abstract

This article explores the collection of the classical column capitals exhibited at the National Museum of Tartous in Syria. It categorizes these capitals by their architectural orders, where only capitals of Corinthian and Ionic orders can be found, in addition to one votive capital. The article discusses the challenges of dating these capitals which lack archaeological context and explores the implications of their varied forms and origins. Additionally, it refers to the practice of reusing these capitals in later times, according to some modifications applied to those capitals. Moreover, half-finished capitals shed light on the presence of workshops in the Syrian coastal area, where both finished and unfinished marble capitals were imported.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ASGARI 1995

Asgari, N., The Proconnesian production of architectural elements in late antiquity, based on evidence from the marble quarries. In: Mango, C./ Dagron, G. (eds.), Constantinople and its hinterland. papers from the twenty-seventh spring symposium of Byzantine studies (Oxford: Routledge), 263-288.

BERNARD 2012

Bernard, S. G., The Two-piece Corinthian Capital and the Working practice of Greek and Roman Masons. In: Ousterhout, R./ Holod, R./ Haselberger, I. (eds.), Masons at Work: Architecture and Construction in t he Pre-Modern World, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania), 1-18.

BIRK 2013

Birk, Stine, Depicting the Dead: Self-Representation and Commemoration on Roman Sarcophagi with Portraits, Aarhus Studies in Mediterranean Antiquity 11 (Aarhus: Aarhus University Press).

BROWN et alii 1908

Brown, F.C./Bourne, F.A./von Hoist/H.V./Coolidge, J.R./Adviser, Jr., The Greek Orders. Cyclopedia of Architecture, Carpentry and Building, vol. 8 (Chicago: American Technical Society), 11-164.

BOOK OF REVELATION (Christian Standard Bible)

BUTLER 1929

Butler H. C., Early Churches in Syria (Fourth to Seventh Centuries). Smith, E. B. (ed). (Princeton: Princeton University).

CHITHAM 2005

Chitham, R., The Classical Orders of Architecture (Oxford: Architectural Press, an imprint of Elsevier).

COOPER 1996

Cooper, F. A., Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The Architecture, vol. 1. (Athens: American School of Classical Studies at Athens).

DEICHMANN 1975

Deichmann, F. W., Die Spolien in Der Spätantiken Architektur, Sitzungsberichte Der Bayerischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften: Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 6 (Munich: De Gruyter).

Delbrueck 1907

Delbrueck, R., Hellenistische Bauten in Latium, vol. 1 (Strassburg: K.J. Trübner).

DENTZER-FEYDY 1990

Dentzer-Feydy, J., Les Chapiteaux Corinthiens Normaux de Syrie Méridionale (1ère Partie), Syria 67, 3–4, 633–663.

DENTZER-FEYDY 1992

Dentzer-Feydy, J., Le décor architectural en Syrie aux époques hellénistique et romaine. In: Dentzer, J.M./ Orthmann W. (eds.) Archéologie et histoire de la Syrie II: La Syrie de l'époque achéménide à l'avènement de l'Islam, Schriften zur vorderasiatischen Archaölogie 1 (Paris: Saarbrücker und Verlag), 457-476.

ELSNER 2011

Elsner, J., Introduction, In: Brsndes, W./Demandt, A./Krasser, H./ Leppin, H./von Mollendroff, P. (eds.), Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi, Millennium-Studien/Millennium Studies 29 (Berlin & New York: De Gruyter), 1-20.

ERAVSAR 2016, 167-182

Eravsar, O., Spolia in Seljuk Buildings, In: Stanislawski, B./Öniz, H. (eds.), Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, held in Wroclaw, Poland, April 24-26, 2014 (Wroclaw: Archaeopress Access Archaeology), 167-182.

GEYMONAT 2012

Geymonat, L. V., The Syntax of Spolia in Byzantine Thessalonike, In: Johnson, M. J./Ousterhout, R./Papalexandrou, A. (eds.), Approaches to Byzantine Architecture and Its Decoration: Studies in Honor of Slobodan Ćurčić (Surrey: Routledge), 47-66.

GINOUÈVS 1992

Ginouèvs, R., Dictionnaire Méthodique de L’architecture Grecque et Romanie, vol. 2 (Rome and Athene: Ecole française de Rome).

GINOUÈVS 1998

Ginouvès, R., Dictionnaire Méthodique de L’architecture Grecque et Romanie, vol. 3 (Rome & Athene: Ecole française de Rome).

PIRANESI 1784

Piranesi, G. B., Le antichità romane (Rome)

GONNELLA 2010

Gonnella, J., Columns and Hieroglyphs: Magic Spolia in Medieval Islamic Architecture of Northern Syria, Muqarnas 27, 103-120.

GOSPEL OF JAMES (Christian Standard Bible)

GRZESIAK 2011

Grzesiak, L., Beyond Reuse: Spolia’s Implications in the Early Christian Church, MA thesis (The University of British Columba).

HERMARY/MERTENS 2014

Hermary, A./Mertens, J.R., The Cesnola Collection of Cypriot Art: Stone Sculpture. (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art).

JEFFERY 1963

Jeffery, L.H., The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: A Study of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth centuries B.C (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

KAUTZSCH 1936

Kautzsch, R., Kapitellstudien. Beiträge Zu Einer Geschichte Des Spätantiken Kapitells Im Osten Vom Vierten Bis Ins Siebente Jahrhundert. Studien Zur Spätantiken Kunstgeschichte (Berlin and Leipzig: de Gruyter).

LAIN 1963

Lain G. J., Survivals of Roman Religion (New York: Cooper square publishers).

MARCADÉ 1974

Marcadé, J., Chapiteaux Circulaires et Chapiteaux Doriques de Colonnes Votives Déliennes, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 98/1, 299-331.

MAVER/MÜLLER/RIŽNAR 2009

Maver, A./Müller, H./Rižnar, I., Roman Capitals from Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), Starinar 59, 119–48.

MERRITT 1996

Merritt, L.S., Athenian Ionic Capitals from the Athenian Agora, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athene 65/2, 121-174.

MIKAYELYAN 2016, 2-7

Mikayelyan L., Depictions of Glory Wreaths in the Early Medieval Armenian Sculpture and Their Parallels in the Art of Byzantium and Sasanian Iran, In: Dželebdžić, D./Bojanin, S. (eds.), Thematic Session of Free Communications: ART OF MEDIEVAL ARMENIA. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held in Belgrade, Serbia, August 22-27, 2016 (Belgrade: The Serbian National Committee of AIEB), 2–7.

MORETTI/FINCKER 2019

Moretti, J. Ch./Fincker, M., La Salle hypostyle de Délos et les espaces publics de l’économie délienne. In: Fellmeth, U./Krügerm, J./Ohr, K./Rasch J. J. (eds.), Wirtschaftsbauten in der antiken Stadt. Internationales Kolloquium, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, November 16-17, 2012 (Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing), 110-129.

NACCACHE/SODINI 1989

Naccache, A./Sodini, J-P., Le Décor Architectural En Syrie Byzantine. In Dentzer, J-M./ Orthmann, W. (eds.), La Syrie de l’époque Achéménide à l’avénement de l’Islam, Archéologie et Histoire de La Syrie 2 (Saarbrücker: Saarbrücker druckerei und verlag), 477–491.

NEWCOMB 1921

Newcomb, R., The Volute in Architecture and Architectural Decoration, Bulletin 121(Urbana: University of Illinois).

NIEWÖHNER 2018, 237-258

Niewöhner, Ph., Varietas, Spolia, and the End of Antiquity in East and West. In: Jevtić, I./ Yalman, S. (eds.), Spolia Reincarnated: Afterlives of Objects, Materials, and Spaces in Anatolia from Antiquity to the Ottoman Era. Tenth International ANAMED Annual Symposium, held in Istanbul, Turkey (Istanbul: KOÇ University), 237-258.

OHNESORG 2004

Ohnesorg, A., A Small Votive Capital from Kythera, The Annual of the British School at Athens 99, 283-289.

PENSABENE 1997

Pensabene, P., Marmi D'importazione, Pietre Locali E Committenza Nella Decorazione Architettonica Di Età Severiana in Alcuni Centri Delle Province Syria et Palestina E Arabia, Archeologia Classica 49, 275-422.

POLJAK/BOTIĆ 2018

Poljak, D. M./Botić, D. B., Five Roman Capitals from Kaštel Sućurac, Vjesnik Za Arheologiju i Historiju Dalmatinsku 111, 191-213.

ROLLER 1989

Roller, D. W., Columns in Stone: Anaximandros' Conception of the World. L'antiquité Classique 58, 185-189.

SARADI 1997

Saradi, H., The Use of Ancient Spolia in Byzantine Monuments: The Archaeological and Literary Evidence, International Journal of the Classical Tradition 3.4, 395–423.

SCHLUMBERGER 1933

Schlumberger, D., Les Formes Anciennes Du Chapiteau Corinthien En Syrie, En Palestine et En Arabie, Syria 13.4, 283–317.

TAXEL 2018

Taxel, I., Late Antique Ionic Column Capitals in the Countryside of Central Palestine between Provincial Trends and Classical Traditions, Studies in Late Antiquity 2/1, 84-125.

SCAMOZZI 1635

Scamozzi, V., Les Cinq Order d’Architecture (Paris).

WESTPHALEN/DENNERT 2004

Westphalen, S./Dennert, M., Säulen aus Konstantinopel – Ein Schiffsfund im antiken Hafen von Amrit, Damaszener Mitteilungen 14, 183-195.

WRIGHT 1992

Wright, G. R. H., Ancient Building in Cyprus: Text (Leiden - New York – Koln: Brill

Downloads

Published

2024-08-18

Issue

Section

Archaeological material

How to Cite

CLASSICAL COLUMN CAPITALS IN TARTOUS MUSEUM. (2024). JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v11i2.993

Similar Articles

1-10 of 141

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.